GARANTE PER LA PROTEZIONE DEI DATI PERSONALI, DELIBERAZIONE 2 dicembre 2010
Linee guida su trattamento dati personali nella riproduzione di provvedimenti giurisdizionali per finalita' di informazione giuridica. (10A15610)
(GU n. 2 del 4-1-2011)
IL GARANTE PER LA PROTEZIONE DEI DATI PERSONALI
NELLA riunione odierna, in presenza del prof. Francesco Pizzetti, presidente, del dott. Giuseppe Chiaravalloti, vice presidente, del dott. Mauro Paissan e del dott. Giuseppe Fortunato, componenti e del dott. Daniele De Paoli, segretario generale;
VISTO il Codice in materia di protezione dei dati personali (d. lg. 30 giugno 2003, n. 196), anche in riferimento all'art. 154, comma 1, lett. h);
ESAMINATE le istanze (segnalazioni, richieste di chiarimenti e quesiti) pervenute riguardo al trattamento di dati personali effettuato attraverso la pubblicazione, da parte di uffici giudiziari, riviste giuridiche e altri soggetti, su supporti cartacei e informatici, nonché mediante reti di comunicazione elettronica, di sentenze e altri provvedimenti emessi dall'Autorità giudiziaria;
NOTING the need to find a unified framework of measures and precautions necessary and appropriate, designed to provide useful guidance for all stakeholders, public and private
evaluate the outcome of the consultation launched by publishers and operators legal information sector, given the findings of the activity;
VIEW the records on file;
Office on the comments, made by the Secretary General pursuant to Section. Regulation 15 of the Guarantor, No 1 / 2000;
SPEAKER Dr. Giuseppe Chiaravalloti;
RESOLVED:
1. to adopt the "Guidelines" contained in the attached document as an integral part of this resolution;
2. send a copy of this decision to the Ministry of Justice and the Superior Council of Magistracy, for your information, and - within their respective jurisdiction - for taking any action deemed appropriate to the widest possible dissemination at the judicial offices concerned;
3. pursuant to art. 143, paragraph 2 of the Code, to transmit to the Ministry of Justice-Office of laws and decrees published copy of this decision, together with the mentioned "Guidelines" for their publication in the Official Gazette of the Italian Republic.
Rome, December 2, 2010. THE PRESIDENT
THE RAPPORTEUR Pizzetti
Chiaravalloti
THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
De Paoli
guidelines on the processing of personal data in the reproduction of judicial proceedings for purposes of legal information - December 2, 2010.
1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose
guidelines
purpose of these guidelines, which are a result of requests for clarifications and questions from publishers and industry professionals in the legal sphere, and taking into account the consultation opened with such parties, is to provide useful guidance to courts, publishers of specialized legal journals and any other entity, public or private, carrying out activities playback of sentences and other judicial proceedings, on paper and computer, as well as through electronic communications networks, for purposes of legal information in order to ensure compliance with the principles for the protection of personal data under the D. lg. June 30, 2003, No 196 (Law on Personal Data Protection, hereinafter: the Code).
These guidelines also aim to provide interested parties who have turned to provide a number of recommendations, guidance as to the rights conferred on them and the limits and conditions for their exercise, as provided in particular by Articles. 51 and 52 of the Code.
1.2 Areas considered
The above guidelines and information related exclusively to the activities of legal informatics, understood as an activity of reproduction and dissemination of judgments or other judgments, in any form for purposes of legal information or documentation, study and research in the field of law, legal journals, media or through electronic communications networks, including information systems and institutional sites of the Judiciary (Articles 51 and 52 of the Code).
are therefore excluded from the scope of these guidelines, the treatments carried out at the courts of all levels, the Council of the Judiciary, other self-governing bodies and il Ministero della giustizia, "per ragioni di giustizia", intendendosi per tali, per quanto qui interessa, i trattamenti di dati personali direttamente correlati alla trattazione giudiziaria di affari e di controversie (art. 47, comma 2, del Codice).(1)
Le presenti linee guida non incidono, quindi, sulle norme processuali che l'autorità giudiziaria deve rispettare e applicare nello svolgimento delle attività e nell'adempimento degli obblighi derivanti dall'esplicazione delle funzioni giurisdizionali, come previsti dalle pertinenti disposizioni codicistiche. Non riguardano, in particolare, l'attività di redazione degli originali delle sentenze e degli altri provvedimenti giurisdizionali e il loro contenuto (art. 52, paragraph 1 of the Code), or their publication by the deposit in the registry and judicial secretaries, according to the rules governing these activities (Articles 133 et seq. cpc; Articles. 125 et seq. cpp).
remain firm even the procedural provisions relating to the vision and the issue of extracts and copies of records and documents (Article 51, paragraph 1 of the Code).
are excluded, then, the scope of these guidelines are made in the exercise of journalistic treatments, covered by specific provisions on data protection (Articles 136 et seq. Of the Code, Code of ethics for the processing of personal data in the conduct of giornalistica, provv. del Garante 29 luglio 1998, pubblicato sulla Gazzetta Ufficiale 3 agosto 1998, n. 179).
2. Diffusione delle sentenze e degli altri provvedimenti giurisdizionali
La diffusione dei provvedimenti giurisdizionali costituisce fonte preziosa per lo studio e l'accrescimento della cultura giuridica e strumento indispensabile di controllo da parte dei cittadini dell'esercizio del potere giurisdizionale.(2)
Il Codice favorisce la più ampia diffusione delle sentenze e degli altri provvedimenti dell'Autorità giudiziaria per i quali sia stato assolto, mediante il deposito nella cancellerie e nelle segreterie giudiziarie, l'onere della pubblicazione previsto dalle disposizioni dei codici di procedura civile and Criminal Law (3).
Knowledge of these measures may in fact be realized, first, by the same court "through the information system and institutional sites of said authorities on the Internet" (Article 51, Section 2), following a few cautionary measures by the same Code (article 52, paragraphs 1 to 6), aimed at protecting the rights and dignity.
With the observance of these precautions, is also "allowed the dissemination of the contents in any form is also full of judgments and other judicial proceedings" (Article 52, paragraph 7).
the cautions in the Code also refers to the art. 56, paragraph 2, of Legislative lg. March 7, 2005, No 82 (Digital Administration Code) that, with reference to "the judgments and other decisions of the court administration and accounting, made public by deposit in the office," it also provides for the publication on the corporate website of the Internet "by observing the precautions provided legislation on data protection. " The 2-bis of the same provision adds that "the identification of outstanding issues, rulings and other decisions filed at the Court office or the court of all levels are, however, made available under Article 51 the law on the protection of personal data, approved by Legislative Decree No 196, 2003. "
3. The process of anonymization of judgments
Article. 52 makes some cautions to the free dissemination of judicial decisions.
In particular, provides a special procedure, described in paragraphs 1 to 4, through which any interested party may, by application lodged at the Registry or secretary of the court before which the trial takes place, that its general and all other data to identify eligible to be omitted in case of reproduction of the measure. The data are taken into account by the standard identification data, ie, in addition to general, any other data capable of identifying the person directly (Article 4, paragraph 1, lett. C) of the Code).
3.1 The request of the person (Article 52, paragraph 1)
The request may be filed by any interested person or natural person, legal person, institution or association to whom the personal data (Article 4, paragraph 1 , Lett. l) of the Code).
are therefore entitled to submit the application not only the parties to a civil action, or the defendant in a criminal trial, but also any other subject - such as, for example, a witness or a consultant - delivered through measures identified in an indication of generality or other identifying information.
I understand that any omission may only cover the relevant has proposed that its application and not others.
The request is subject to certain conditions and limitations.
First, the application should be directed to the office the prosecuting authority, before which the trial takes place, through its filing at the Registry office or court. It should be noted that the deposit must be made "before it is defined as the relative levels of jurisdiction", ie a proceeding. An instance is made after the definition of the proceedings (for example, after issuing the sentence) would have no effect.
The request must contain an explicit request that the court clerk or the secretary showing, the original decision or measure, annotation that specifies that in case of reproduction of the measure can not be written in the general and other identifying data of the applicant.
addition the request must be explicitly justified, since in it the applicant must specify the "legitimate reasons" which justify it, such as the sensitivity of the subject matter of the proceedings or the particular nature of the data contained in the measure (for example, sensitive data ).
Moreover, the omission of the data subject may not be for any use of copies of the measure, but only if they are reproduced in any form (paper, computer or other media):
- exclusively for the purpose of legal information, as defined in Section 1.2 above;
- legal journals, electronic media or through electronic communications networks. The procedure under Article
. 52 is then designed to obtain the omission of the data only in case of reproduction of the measure for the specific purpose indicated.
3.2 The decision on the request (Article 52, paragraph 2)
competence to decide on the request for judicial authority from which hangs the proceedings and that should make the award or to adopt the measure.
The decision takes the form of a decree, reported at the bottom of the instance. The decision may be adopted in time also very short, since the rule requires that a decision is taken "without further formalities".
In case of rejection, of course, no record should be affixed on the original measure.
3.3
anonymity willing office: in particular, the sensitive data
The provision referred to in paragraph 2 adds that the record of the original sentence may be ordered by a magistrate, for the same purposes of legal information, even of 'say, without the request of a party. This standard callback hours
bear a special responsibility to the judicial authorities in attentive appraisal of dell'anonimizzazione dei provvedimenti.
Tale responsabilità è fortemente accentuata nei casi in cui vengono in rilievo dati personali dotati di particolare significatività che, se indiscriminatamente diffusi, possono determinare negative conseguenze sui vari aspetti della vita sociale e di relazione dell'interessato (ad esempio, in ambito familiare o lavorativo).
É questo sicuramente il caso in cui nel provvedimento siano contenuti dati sensibili (art. 4, comma 1, lett. d) del Codice), che sono oggetto nella normativa del Codice di particolari forme di tutela e, fra questi, dati idonei a rivelare lo stato di salute o la vita sessuale degli interessati.
Ciò, anche in considerazione delle limitazioni che, precisely in the legal field, are asked the same rights in court, where it is required that the right of the confidentiality of such data can be sacrificed only if the right is driven "overridden"'s one that, "or consisting of a fundamental, inviolable right or freedom" (art. 26, paragraph 4, letter. c) of the Code).
regard to data disclosing health status (with reference to the Guarantor which have come numerous reports of persons who have complained about the spread and the consequent easy availability through the common search engines), other provisions of the Code pose, with general character, a specific prohibition of dissemination, which is valid for both public entities, both private (Article 22, paragraph 8 and 26, paragraph 5 of the Code).
Safeguarding the rights of a person through a darkening of their generality does not affect the finality of legal information, the dissemination of the underlying bill, which seeks to protect the code, but it may be necessary, in order to properly balance the various interests, left to the responsibility of the judicial proceeding, to protect the sphere of privacy of those concerned.
It is up to the judicial authorities acknowledge, before the definition of the procedure, a careful assessment of this profile, nella prospettiva di un'efficace tutela dei diritti e della dignità delle persone coinvolte nei procedimenti giudiziari.
3.4 L'attuazione della richiesta (art. 52, comma 3)
Come già rilevato, ove con il decreto la richiesta dell'interessato venga accolta, spetta alla cancelleria o alla segreteria giudiziaria darvi esecuzione, apponendo sull'originale del provvedimento, all'atto del deposito da parte del magistrato, anche con un timbro, un'annotazione che riporti l'indicazione dell'art. 52 del Codice e la dizione: "In caso di diffusione omettere le generalità e gli altri dati identificativi di …". L'indicazione dell'art. 52 ha lo scopo di escludere che il divieto possa essere esteso a ipotesi di diffusione diverse rispetto a quella della riproduzione del provvedimento per finalità di informazione giuridica.
Oltre all'obbligo ora evidenziato, non emergono ulteriori incombenti a carico degli uffici giudiziari.
In particolare, non incombe sulle cancellerie e segreterie l'onere di cancellare materialmente i dati dell'interessato sulle copie dei provvedimenti rilasciate a chi ne abbia diritto e che riportino la menzionata annotazione.
Ciò, in primo luogo, in quanto il rilascio della copia costituisce attività di comunicazione (art. 4, comma 1, lett. l) del Codice(4)), e non di diffusione dei dati (lett. m), comma cit.(5)), per ciò stesso esclusa dal dettato dell'art. 52.
Furthermore, as already noted, the provisions shall not be affected in any way on the procedures carried out by the clerks and judicial secretaries, as for the performance of processes, involving treatments for reasons of justice. The issue of copies, codicistiche activities directly governed by the rules, viewed in this context as well, for example, sending the decision to his deputy at the office record.
It is for those who receive a copy of its failure to provide data where it intends to reproduce and spread for the purpose of legal information.
3.5 The prohibition on the dissemination of measures (Article 52, paragraph 4) The first
three paragraphs of Article. 52 describe the procedure provided for the affixing of the annotation after the omission of data.
In the event of approval of the request, paragraph 4 requires you to omit the indication of the name and other identifying data of the person concerned in the case of diffusion, described for the purpose of judicial decisions that bear this record.
The requirement is primarily aimed at the judicial authorities, which already the second paragraph of art. 51, in establishing the principle of freedom of access to any judicial proceedings, including through the information system and the central website on the Internet, requires observance cautionary measures of art. 52.
The requirement is also addressed to all other parties, third parties in relation to the judicial authorities, who carry out measures for the purpose of dissemination of legal information.
It should be noted that the limitation specifically refers also to the spread of the highest legal measures extracted from the original of which is attached to the omission of record data.
It follows that even if the reproduction of the maximum should be given due attention, by examining the copy of the original measure, which itself is devoid of particulars and other information that could identify stakeholders who have been granted by the court to see omitted from the data that concern them.
4. The statutory prohibition of broadcasting (Article 52, paragraph 5)
4.1 Features specific
Paragraph 5 of Article. 52 of the Code sets a specific, further, banning the dissemination of children's data and the parties in court proceedings relating to family relationships and personal status.
This is a broader protection than that posed by the first four paragraphs of that article. The rule requires, in fact, to omit, in cases in which it considered not only the personal identification data and other protected persons, - as stated in the fourth comma - ma anche gli "altri dati anche relativi a terzi dai quali può desumersi anche indirettamente l'identità" di tali soggetti.
Inoltre l'obbligo opera "in ogni caso", cioè, come pure precisa testualmente la norma, ancorché la sentenza o l'altro provvedimento giudiziale oggetto di diffusione non riporti l'annotazione di cui al comma 2 dell'art. 52. Si tratta di un divieto assoluto; neppure il consenso dei soggetti interessati può determinare l'inapplicabilità dell'obbligo in esame.
Benché si tratti di un incombente non espressamente imposto dalla norma, si ritiene comunque opportuno che l'Autorità giudiziaria provveda d'ufficio, attraverso la già descritta procedura, all'annotazione sull'originale del provvedimento dell'obbligo di anonimizzazione, al fine di evitare illecite divulgazioni dovute a dubbi sull'oggetto o sui contenuti dei provvedimenti, o anche a mera negligenza.
Con l'espressione "chiunque", la norma del Codice intende riferirsi a qualunque soggetto che effettua trattamenti di dati personali a fini di informazione giuridica, attività che è l'oggetto specifico della disciplina di cui al capo III del titolo I della parte seconda del Codice, come si evince anche dalla rubrica.
La disposizione non riguarda trattamenti che abbiano diverse finalità. Tra gli altri, non si applica, quindi, ai trattamenti effettuati nello svolgimento dell'attività giornalistica (ad esempio, the judicial reporting), which remain governed by the relevant provisions on the protection of personal data (on which see paragraph 1.1).
protected persons are children involved in any type of legal proceedings and the parties, with respect to procedures relating to family relationships and marital status of persons referred to in Book I of the Civil Code (such as, for example, marriage and its affairs, paternity, adoption, protection orders against family abuse, acts of state, requests for correction of sex).
should be noted that in the latter case, the law uses the term "parties", not "concerned", as in the first paragraph of art. 52. Therefore, the provision concerns Only the parties to the trial court proceedings in matters of family or personal status. Any other persons involved in these proceedings and who consider themselves interested in getting the darkening of their personal information and other identifying information contained in the relevant measures (eg, witnesses) must follow the procedure of anonymity governed by the first four paragraphs of ' art. 52.
The obligation of omission of the data identifying the parties to the proceedings relating to family status and exists even in cases where the dispute to abide by type of asset or economic relations.
protection under consideration is in addition to that provided by art. 734-bis ("Disclosure of generality or the image of the person offended by acts of sexual violence "), which is expressly referred to, which punishes anyone who discloses, in certain sexual crimes (especially but not exclusively, related to children) (6), also by means of mass communication, and general information or the image of the victim without her consent.
4.2 Special cases
In relation to questions that have been placed with reference to some particular profiles of prohibition in paragraph 5 of ' art. 52, must be, first, clarified that the prohibition of the dissemination of general information, other identifying data and additional data to identify children or parties involved in proceedings on family relationships and status of persons can not, of course, apply where the verdict or other measures does not allow, by application of ordinary diligence, to identify the involvement of a child or the parties to the proceedings mentioned .
clarified, it is stated that:
- the provision is intended to refer not only to the sentence or other order issued by the proceeding in which the child or is involved in the field of family relationships and status of persons, but also to any award or Another measure which contains personal data, including third, allowing, "even indirectly", to reveal the identity of protected persons;
- the rule requires persons who disseminate the information for purposes of legal action to exercise ordinary care in examining the text of the judgments and other measures. In particular, form part of the ban on the information in the assessment of the individual case, to allow easy identification of the minor or trace of the parties in proceedings in question (for example, the names of the child's parents or the school from this attended, or the address of the parties');
- the ban on dissemination of the names of minors and the parties in proceedings relating to family relationships and personal status concerns also the ban on the making mentioned in the legal maximum are taken from judgments or other measures which, if released in their entirety, must be anonymized. This, though, by itself, does not show that the maximum is taken from an order issued in a proceeding involving a child or the parties in matters of family relations and personal status (for example, states that a law principle of procedural nature). Even in such cases, the highs are likely to reveal the identity of protected persons (think of where another magazine - or even the same, or elsewhere in the file - the full text of the Judgement anonymized, and 'cross between the publication of the sentence and the maximum allowed to reveal the identity of individuals protected);
- for the same reason, similar ban on the dissemination of children's data and the parties in proceedings relating to family relationships and personal status also applied to the publication of such data in a list of judgments or other measures, even without a maximum in the case of judgments or other measures which, if spread in their entirety, must be suitable to reveal anonymous because the identity of individuals protected.
5. The award (Article 52, paragraph 6)
Paragraph 6 of art. Extends to the other provisions of Article 52 "even in case of deposit of the award pursuant to art. 825 of the Code of Civil Procedure. "
apply, so even in this particular case, as expressly provided, the process of anonymisation measures, with regard to the rules laid down by the person submitting the request (paragraph 1) to the decision of the arbitrators, even in the office (Section 2), the affixing of the annotation (paragraph 3), and the prohibition of dissemination (paragraph 4), as well as, of course, the statutory prohibition referred to in paragraph 5 .
Because the arbitration award may be presented "in one or more original" (art. 824 CCP), annotation, if willing, should of course be shown on all the originals.
The Code states that "in Similarly, "also provides an arbitration panel consisting took the clearing house for public works in accordance with Article 32 of Law 11 February 1994, No. 109. This provision shall be deemed applicable to the arbitration provided hours of the legislative decree. April 12 2006, No. 163 ("Code of public contracts for works, supplies and services in implementation of Directives 2004/17/EC and 2004/18/EC), which repealed the law No 109/1994, and whose art. 241, to replace the art. 32, by express reference to Article. cpc 825.
_______________ (1) Article 47, paragraph 2 of the Code:
"For purposes of this Code made for reasons of justice processing of personal data directly related to the handling of judicial affairs and litigation, or that in matters of legal and economic staff of the judiciary, have a direct impact on the judicial function, and inspection activities on the courts. The same reasons of justice do not occur for the ordinary administrative and managerial personnel, facilities or structures, when not undermined the secrecy of documents directly related to the above discussion.
(2) These principles are found in the Recommendations of the Council Europe R (2001) 2 and R (2001) 3, adopted by the Committee of Ministers February 20, 2001, by which Member States were invited to take all necessary measures to facilitate citizens' access to archives of legislation and case law through the use of information technology.
(3) The parliamentary report accompanying the text of the Code provides that "Articles 51 and 52 contain provisions aimed at facilitating the development of information technology in compliance with the legal principles concerning the protection of personal data".
(4) Article 4, paragraph 1, lett. l) of the Code:
"" communication, "giving knowledge of personal data to one or more subjects other than the party, the representative of the owner in the State, the manager and officers in charge, in any form, including the their provision or consultation ".
(5) Article 4, paragraph 1, lett. m) of the Code:
" "spread", giving knowledge of personal data to unidentified entities, in any form, including by provision or consultation ".
(6) These are the crimes under Articles 600-bis, 600-600-b and c, although relating to pornographic material referred to in Article 600-quater.1, 600 - d, 609-bis, 609-ter, 609-quater, 609-d and 609-g cpc.
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